直流永磁電機應用轉子結構緊湊靈活，可提高電機的轉子表面磁場強度，進而提高轉矩密度，縮小體積和重量。

應用范圍

永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)應用(yong)(yong)越(yue)發廣泛，包括艦艇及(ji)潛(qian)艇用(yong)(yong)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)、坦克及(ji)裝甲車驅動(dong)用(yong)(yong)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)、船用(yong)(yong)推進器永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)、航天(tian)用(yong)(yong)驅動(dong)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)

可實現按需調節，降低無(wu)效(xiao)能耗

電(dian)機(ji)低負荷運(yun)行時，揚程和流量都有較大余量問題(ti)，采用變(bian)頻調速，可(ke)以根據(ju)實際的(de)(de)揚程和流量需求(qiu)匹配電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉速和運(yun)行數量，使(shi)機(ji)組(zu)實時高效(xiao)運(yun)行，降(jiang)低無效(xiao)能耗。

浙江永發機電有限公司建于1967年，是設計制造各類電動機的專業企業，公司下設三個生產基地和兩個中心（技術研發中心和品質管理中心），總占地面積10多萬平米，擁有各種先進加工制造設備500多套，并在國內電機行業中*建立自動化數控檢測線。公司產品有5大系列400多種規格型號，年產電機能力達250萬kW，異步電機產品和永磁電機產品配套覆蓋于風機、水泵、機械裝備等主機行業，廣泛應用于水利、水務、印染、紡織、造紙、熱電、水泥等各個領域。

直流永磁電機應用種類

①有刷盤(pan)式繞(rao)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。有刷盤(pan)式繞(rao)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)以稀土材料(liao)粘結在一(yi)缸(gang)體上，漆包銅線繞(rao)成(cheng)的(de)盤(pan)式繞(rao)組置于缸(gang)體之內，構(gou)成(cheng)轉子(zi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)相(xiang)位靠機(ji)械(xie)式換相(xiang)器調整(zheng)。機(ji)械(xie)式換相(xiang)器是(shi)靠固定的(de)炭(tan)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷與轉動(dong)的(de)銅制換相(xiang)面(mian)摩擦來調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)位的(de)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在使用中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷一(yi)直在磨損，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)壽命很難(nan)超過2000h。同時，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉速(su)較高(gao)，必(bi)須采取兩級齒輪減(jian)速(su)，這就(jiu)(jiu)帶(dai)來了兩個問題，一(yi)是(shi)噪聲較大，二(er)是(shi)效率(lv)(lv)損失大，經減(jian)速(su)后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)額定效率(lv)(lv)往(wang)往(wang)只能達(da)到68%～72%。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行車(che)所用的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)(rong)量是(shi)有限的(de)，一(yi)般就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)36V/12Ah的(de)容(rong)(rong)量，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)效率(lv)(lv)不高(gao)，將使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗增加，影響續(xu)行里程。

②有(you)(you)刷印制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電機(ji)。有(you)(you)刷印制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電機(ji)以印制銅箔板作為繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)，電機(ji)重量減輕了。由于這(zhe)種電機(ji)全(quan)部是在自動生產線上生產的，工藝有(you)(you)可靠(kao)保證，從(cong)而使(shi)電機(ji)的壽(shou)(shou)命提高到(dao)(dao)3000h，噪聲(sheng)大幅度(du)下降，效率提高到(dao)(dao)72%～76%。但這(zhe)種電機(ji)有(you)(you)“嗡(weng)嗡(weng)"的高頻(pin)噪聲(sheng)，靠(kao)齒(chi)輪減速后效率仍不(bu)理想，有(you)(you)刷換相器(qi)的使(shi)用使(shi)電機(ji)壽(shou)(shou)命無(wu)法再(zai)提高。

③有刷壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)繞(rao)組電機。這種電機通過將(jiang)繞(rao)制(zhi)(zhi)好的銅線壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)一種新型(xing)繞(rao)組，其效(xiao)率(lv)可提高到74%～78%。這種電機仍(reng)然被較多(duo)電動自(zi)行車廠家采(cai)用，但(dan)其存在(zai)的效(xiao)率(lv)、噪聲、壽命缺陷仍(reng)然是必須(xu)改進(jin)的問題。

輪轂式有(you)(you)齒(chi)(chi)輪傳(chuan)動的有(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，由盤形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞有(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和齒(chi)(chi)輪減(jian)速(su)兼傳(chuan)動系統(tong)兩部分構成(cheng)。盤形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞是高速(su)轉動的轉子。輪毅式有(you)(you)齒(chi)(chi)輪傳(chuan)動的有(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的構造(zao)如圖2-2所示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的轉矩(ju)通過軸(zhou)傳(chuan)遞給第一級齒(chi)(chi)輪，經齒(chi)(chi)輪減(jian)速(su)帶(dai)動輪轂外殼轉動。

有(you)刷有(you)齒(chi)輪轂電(dian)(dian)機的盤形電(dian)(dian)樞是薄片形，體積很小，重(zhong)量特輕(qing)，安裝方便。繞組編制好之后，用樹脂加玻璃纖(xian)維放進模(mo)內熱(re)壓成型，在運(yun)行(xing)中由于電(dian)(dian)刷和換向器摩擦，又有(you)齒(chi)輪嚙(nie)合減速，所以有(you)刷電(dian)(dian)機的運(yun)行(xing)聲(sheng)音比無刷電(dian)(dian)機聲(sheng)音要大(da)。

為了(le)適應輪轂結構，將有(you)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機設(she)計(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞放(fang)(fang)在(zai)外(wai)邊作(zuo)為轉(zhuan)子(zi)，磁鋼放(fang)(fang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機之內作(zuo)為定子(zi)，多塊(kuai)(kuai)磁鋼配(pei)多個繞組(zu)，設(she)計(ji)轉(zhuan)速為180r/min左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。圖2-3中(a)所(suo)示(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機外(wai)轉(zhuan)子(zi)中尚未經過(guo)壓力(li)整形的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組(zu)，，在(zai)繞組(zu)以內是呈平(ping)面環狀(zhuang)整齊排(pai)(pai)列的(de)(de)(de)換向片。圖2-3中(b)所(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)是放(fang)(fang)在(zai)外(wai)轉(zhuan)子(zi)內的(de)(de)(de)間隔排(pai)(pai)列著10塊(kuai)(kuai)磁鋼的(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)，在(zai)中間的(de)(de)(de)轂板(ban)上開有(you)兩個孔，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)的(de)(de)(de)刷(shua)握就設(she)在(zai)孔的(de)(de)(de)背側(ce)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)帶(dai)著導線被彈(dan)簧從刷(shua)握中彈(dan)出。

有刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)子(zi)軸端套有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)螺(luo)母，其作用是防止在(zai)加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)損傷(shang)軸上的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)紋。把電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)整理好裝(zhuang)入(ru)刷(shua)握中(zhong)(zhong)，然后將這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)端送進圖(tu)2-3中(zhong)(zhong)(a)所示的(de)(de)(de)孔中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)就可以接觸(chu)換(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)平(ping)面，借助彈(dan)簧的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)力對換(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)壓(ya)緊，而磁鋼正好進入(ru)外轉子(zi)繞組中(zhong)(zhong)，只留一(yi)(yi)個(ge)很小的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)氣隙。這(zhe)個(ge)環形(xing)(xing)氣隙的(de)(de)(de)直徑越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機產生的(de)(de)(de)轉矩也越大(da)。

由于有刷電(dian)(dian)機在(zai)設計中(zhong)的改進，無須齒輪減速(su)，可(ke)實現低(di)噪聲、低(di)成本。很多低(di)價位的電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車廣(guang)泛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)機。但這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)機扭(niu)矩小，載重負(fu)荷小，爬坡能力不(bu)佳，使用(yong)(yong)時耗電(dian)(dian)較多，仍然采(cai)用(yong)(yong)機械式的電(dian)(dian)刷換相器，電(dian)(dian)機壽命(ming)問題(ti)尚未得到解(jie)決，因此中(zhong)高(gao)檔電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車均未采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)機。