永磁直流電機介紹

采(cai)用永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)，減少了(le)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)、電(dian)刷(shua)、集(ji)電(dian)環結(jie)構，避(bi)免了(le)傳統勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)式發電(dian)機勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)易燒(shao)毀、斷線，電(dian)刷(shua)、集(ji)電(dian)環易磨(mo)損(sun)等(deng)故障，使用性能(neng)更可(ke)靠。轉子不存在勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)、電(dian)刷(shua)、集(ji)電(dian)環等(deng)損(sun)耗(hao)部件，效率得到明顯提高(gao)，功率因數可(ke)維持(chi)(chi)在0.95以(yi)上，在負載波動(dong)的情況(kuang)(kuang)下可(ke)維持(chi)(chi)較高(gao)力能(neng)水平，對(dui)于該裝備容(rong)量與負載匹配情況(kuang)(kuang)，綜合節電(dian)率可(ke)達15%以(yi)上。

永磁直流電機介紹

選用原則

（1）類型的選擇

宜優先選用效率高、價格便宜、溫升低的鐵氧體永磁直流電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)。只有當對性能(neng)要求(qiu)嚴格、體積小、環境溫度較高時才考慮選用鋁鎳鈷永磁直流電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)或稀土永磁直流電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)。

（2）合理選擇電動(dong)機的功率

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸出(chu)的(de)最大功率(lv)(lv)(lv)是有限度的(de)，如果電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)選擇過小(xiao)，負載超過了電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)額定輸出(chu)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)就會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)過載，過載時(shi)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)發熱(re)、振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、轉速(su)下(xia)降、聲音(yin)異常等現象(xiang)，嚴重過載時(shi)，將會(hui)(hui)燒毀(hui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。而功率(lv)(lv)(lv)過大，則會(hui)(hui)造成經(jing)濟浪費。因此合理選擇電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)是很(hen)重要的(de)。

（3）規格選擇

往(wang)往(wang)由于(yu)實(shi)際生產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)規(gui)格不(bu)多(duo)，給選用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)增加困難(nan)。在(zai)選擇產(chan)品(pin)(pin)規(gui)格時可(ke)考慮(lv)：在(zai)電(dian)源電(dian)壓可(ke)調的(de)場合，可(ke)按實(shi)際需要選擇轉矩、轉速(su)與產(chan)品(pin)(pin)相(xiang)應的(de)額(e)定值接(jie)近的(de)規(gui)格，通(tong)過改變電(dian)壓得到(dao)所需轉速(su)；在(zai)電(dian)源電(dian)壓固(gu)定的(de)場合，如(ru)果沒有適(shi)當(dang)規(gui)格的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)可(ke)供選用(yong)時，可(ke)先(xian)按轉矩選擇適(shi)當(dang)規(gui)格，而產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)電(dian)壓與轉速(su)之間可(ke)作適(shi)當(dang)調整。

二、永磁無刷直流電動機(ji)在應用(yong)時應注意：

（1）如(ru)(ru)果產品沒有特別說明(ming)，一般情況下（例如(ru)(ru)鋁鎳鈷(gu)永(yong)磁直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)或鐵氧(yang)體(ti)永(yong)磁直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)）永(yong)磁直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)都不允許在額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓下反接制動(dong)運行，否則(ze)會造成(cheng)永(yong)磁體(ti)退(tui)磁；如(ru)(ru)確有必要作這種(zhong)方式運行時，要加限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻，以限制電(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大。

（2）按以(yi)下步驟對(dui)電機好(hao)壞進行初步的檢查(cha)：

首先檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)電機(ji)的(de)外觀(guan)：應(ying)無劃痕、碰傷和涂鍍層脫落；然后(hou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)，應(ying)能(neng)靈活(huo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，無明顯的(de)卡殼(ke)現象。檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)電動(dong)機(ji)的(de)接(jie)線是否(fou)牢固，并(bing)通(tong)電運行。電動(dong)機(ji)在(zai)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程中應(ying)不(bu)存在(zai)著摩擦(ca)，其中較突出的(de)是軸(zhou)承(cheng)摩擦(ca)。軸(zhou)承(cheng)磨損后(hou)會發出不(bu)正常聲音，出現局(ju)部過(guo)(guo)熱(re)溫升現象。

（3）注意(yi)電動機(ji)因電流過大、溫度變化及拆(chai)(chai)裝時磁(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)開(kai)路(lu)而引起的永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)體退(tui)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)，尤其對于鋁鎳鈷永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電動機(ji)，拆(chai)(chai)裝時要(yao)對永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)進行(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)，否則退(tui)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)后要(yao)另外(wai)充(chong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)。

應用范圍

應(ying)用(yong)越發廣泛，包括艦(jian)艇及潛艇用(yong)永(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、坦克及裝甲車驅動用(yong)永(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、船用(yong)推進器永(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、航天用(yong)驅動永(yong)(yong)磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)

可(ke)實現按(an)需調(diao)節，降(jiang)低(di)無效能(neng)耗

電機(ji)低負荷運(yun)行(xing)時，揚程和流量都有較(jiao)大余量問題(ti)，采(cai)用變頻調速，可以根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際的揚程和流量需求匹配電機(ji)的轉(zhuan)速和運(yun)行(xing)數量，使機(ji)組實(shi)時高(gao)效(xiao)運(yun)行(xing)，降低無效(xiao)能(neng)耗(hao)。

根據所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)材料(liao)不同，永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分為鋁(lv)鎳鈷永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、鐵(tie)氧(yang)體永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。鋁(lv)鎳鈷永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需要消耗(hao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)重金屬(shu)、價(jia)格較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，但(dan)對高(gao)溫的(de)(de)(de)適應性好(hao)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)或(huo)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)穩定性要求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)場合。鐵(tie)氧(yang)體永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以廉(lian)價(jia)見長，且性能良好(hao)，廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、汽車(che)、玩具(ju)(ju)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)工具(ju)(ju)等領(ling)域。用(yong)(yong)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)材料(liao)作磁(ci)(ci)極制的(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，體積小(xiao)且性能更(geng)好(hao)，但(dan)價(jia)格昂(ang)貴(gui)(gui)，主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)航天、計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、井下儀器(qi)等。但(dan)近些年出現了新(xin)一代稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)—釹(nv)鐵(tie)硼(peng)(peng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由于(yu)我國擁有世界(jie)80%以上蘊藏量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)釹(nv)礦資源，因此在(zai)價(jia)格上具(ju)(ju)有得天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)優勢，高(gao)性能釹(nv)鐵(tie)硼(peng)(peng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)材料(liao)性價(jia)比大(da)幅提(ti)升，使(shi)質優、價(jia)廉(lian)的(de)(de)(de)釹(nv)鐵(tie)硼(peng)(peng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)產業化生產中得到了廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)，同時也促進永(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)性能與結構迅速發展。